Indonesian phrasebook

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Indonesian (Indonesian: Bahasa Indonesia) is the official language and lingua franca of Indonesia, and also widely spoken in East Timor. With over 230 million speakers, there are a lot of people to talk to in Indonesian.

Indonesian is closely related to Malay, but the main difference is the vocabulary: Indonesian has been heavily influenced by Dutch and Javanese (and also Sanskrit), while Malay has been heavily influenced by English and Arabic.

Grammar

Indonesian word order is subject-verb-object like English. There are no plurals, grammatical gender, or verb conjugation for person, number or tense, all of which are expressed with adverbs or tense indicators: saya makan, "I eat" (now), saya sudah makan, "I eat already" = "I ate".

A characteristic of Indonesian is that it is a so-called agglutinative language, which means that the suffixes are all attached to a base root. So a word can become very long. For example there is a base word hasil which means "result". But it can be extended as far as ketidakberhasilannya, which means his/her failure.

Pronunciation guide

Indoabbr newspeak

One legacy of the Sukarno-Suharto era still affecting Indonesia is an inordinate fondness for vaguely Orwellian Newspeak-y abbreviations, chosen more for pronouncability than logic or comprehensibility. For example, the National Monument (Monumen Nasional) is universally known as Monas, the Jakarta-Bogor-Tangerang-Bekasi capital region is called Jabotabek, a police captain at the West Kalimantan HQ (kepala polisi resort Kalimantan Timur) would be known as Kapolres Kaltim and even the socialistic exhortation to stand on your own feet (berdiri diatas kaki sendiri) can be snappily rendered as berdikari.

Indonesian is very easy to pronounce: it has one of the most phonetic writing systems in the world, with only a small number of simple consonants and relatively few vowel sounds. One peculiarity of the spelling is the lack for a separate sign to denote the schwa. It is written as an 'e', which can sometimes be confusing.

In Indonesia, spelling reforms in 1947 and 1972 have officially eliminated several vestiges of Dutch in the otherwise very phonetic spelling, and the writing system is now nearly identical to Malay. However, the older forms remain in use to some extent (especially in names) and have been noted in parenthesis below.

Stress usually falls on the second-to-last syllable, so in two-syllable words the first syllable is stressed.

Vowels

a: like 'a' in "father"
e: like 'e' in "vowel" (schwa)
é: like 'e' in "bed", usually the difference between a schwa and an e is not indicated in writing
i (ie, j): like 'i' in "thin"
o: like 'ow' in "low", in open positions or like 'o' in "top" in close positions
u (oe): like 'oo' in "hoop", in open positions or like 'o' in ?hope? in close positions

Consonants

b: like 'b' in "bed"
bh: like 'b' in "bed", only in Sanskrit borrowings
c (ch, tj): like 'ch' in "China"
d: like 'd' in "dog"
dh: like 'd' in "dog", only in Sanskrit borrowings
f: like 'ph' in "phone"
g: like 'g' in "go"
h: like 'h' in "help"
j (dj): like 'dg' in "edge"
k: like 'c' in "cat", often silent at the end of a word
kh (ch): like 'ch' in "loch"
l: like 'l' in "love"
m: like 'm' in "mother"
n: like 'n' in "nice"
ng: like 'ng' in "sing"
ny: like 'ny' in "canyon"
p: like 'p' in "pig"
q: like 'q' in "quest" (with "u", almost always, only in Arabic borrowings)
r: like 'rr' in Spanish "perro"
s: like 'ss' in "hiss"
sy (sj): like 'sh' in "sheep"

t: like 't' in "top"
v: like 'ph' in "phone"
w: like 'w' in "weight"
x: like 'cks' in "kicks"
y (j): like 'y' in "yes"
z: like 's' in "hiss", like 'z' in "haze", like 'dg' in "edge"

Common diphthongs

ai: like 'ay' in "say"
au: like 'ow' in "cow"
oi: like 'oy' in "boy"

Phrase list

Basics

Common signs

BUKA: Open
TUTUP: Closed
MASUK: Entrance
KELUAR: Exit
DORONG: Push
TARIK: Pull
WC: Toilet
PRIA: Men
WANITA: Women
DILARANG: Forbidden

The shorter the better

Colloquial Indonesian shortens commonly used words mercilessly.

tidak → tak → nggak: no
tidak ada → tiada: not have
sudah → udah → dah: already
bapak → pak: uncle; you (polite, for men)
ibu → bu: aunt; you (polite, for older women)
aku → ku: I (informal)
kamu → mu: you (informal)

-ku and -mu also act as suffixes: mobilku is short for mobil aku, "my car".

Hello.: Halo. (HUH-lo)
Hello. (informal): He. (Hey)
How are you?: Apa kabar? (AH-pAh KAH-bar?)
Fine, thank you.: Baik, terima kasih. (BAYK, TREE-muh KUS-see)
What is your name?: Namanya siapa? (NUM-muh-nyuh shah-puh?)
My name is ______ .: Nama saya ______ . (NUM-MUH suh-yuh _____ .)
Nice to meet you.: Senang bertemu anda. (SNUNG burr-tuh-moo UN-duh)
Please.: Silakan. (see-LUH-kunn)
Please. (request): Tolong. (TOH-long)
Thank you.: Terima kasih.
You're welcome.: Terima kasih kembali. (?)
Yes.: Ya. (EEYUH)
No.: Tidak. (TEE-duh), Tak (TAH)
Excuse me. (getting attention): Maaf. (MUH-UFF)
Excuse me. (begging pardon): Maaf, permisi. (?)
I'm sorry.: Maaf. (?)
Goodbye: Selamat tinggal. (?)
Goodbye (informal): Dadah. (DUH-DUH)
I can't speak Indonesian well.: Saya tidak bisa berbahasa Indonesia dengan baik. (?)
Do you speak English?: Bisa bahasa Inggris? (?)
Is there someone here who speaks English?: Ada orang yang bisa bahasa Inggris? (?)
Help!: Tolong! (?)
Look out!: Hati-hati! (?)
Good morning.: Selamat pagi. (slum-mut PUH-GUEE)
Good afternoon.: Selamat siang.
Good evening.: Selamat sore. (?)
Good night.: Selamat malam. (?)
Good night (to sleep): Selamat tidur. (?)
I don't understand.: Saya tidak mengerti. (?)
Where is the toilet?: Di mana toiletnya? (DEE muh-nuh TOY-leht-nyuh?)

Problems

No means no

Indonesian has a number of ways to say "no".

tidak (tak): "Not" — used to negate verbs.
Ada apel? (Do you) have an apple?
Tidak ada. (No, I) don't have.
bukan: "No" — used to negate nouns.
Ini apel? Is this an apple?
Bukan, ini jeruk. No, it's an orange.
jangan: "Don't" — to tell somebody not to do something.
Jangan makan apel! Don't eat the apple!
dilarang: "Forbidden" — used mostly on signs.
Dilarang makan apel. Eating apples is forbidden.

Leave me alone.: Jangan ganggu saya. (...)
Don't touch me!: Jangan pegang saya! (...)
I'll call the police.: Saya panggil polisi. (...)
Police!: Polisi! (...)
Stop! Thief!: Stop! Maling! (...)
I need your help.: Saya minta tolong. (...)
It's an emergency.: Ini darurat. (...)
I'm lost.: Saya tersesat. (...)
I lost my bag.: Saya kehilangan tas saya. (...)
I lost my wallet.: Saya kehilangan dompet saya. (...)
I'm sick.: Saya sakit. (...)
I've been injured.: Saya terluka. (...)
I need a doctor.: Saya perlu dokter. (...)
Can I use your phone?: Saya bisa pakai telepon anda? (...)

Numbers

0: nol / kosong (COSS-song)
1: satu (...)
2: dua (...)
3: tiga (...)
4: empat (...)
5: lima (...)
6: enam (...)
7: tujuh (...)
8: delapan (...)
9: sembilan (...)
10: sepuluh (...)
11: sebelas (...)
12: duabelas (...)
13: tigabelas (...)
14: empatbelas
20: duapuluh (...)
21: duapuluh satu (...)
22: duapuluh dua (...)
23: duapuluh tiga (...)
30: tiga puluh (...)
40: empat puluh (...)
50: lima puluh (...)
100: seratus (...)
200: dua ratus (...)
300: tiga ratus (...)
1000: seribu (...)
1100: seribu seratus (...)
1152: seribu seratus lima puluh dua (...)
1200: seribu duaratus (...)
1500: seribu limaratus (...)
2000: dua ribu (...)
2100: dua ribu seratus (...)
10,000: sepuluh ribu (...)
20,000: duapuluh ribu (...)
100,000: seratus ribu (...)
150,000: seratus limapuluh ribu (...)
156,125: seratus limapuluh enam ribu seratus duapuluh lima (...)
250,000: duaratus limapuluh ribu / seperempat juta (quarter of a million) (...)
500,000: limaratus ribu / setengah juta (half a million) (...)
1,000,000: satu juta (...)
1,150,000: satu juta seratus limapuluh ribu (...)
1,250,000: satu seperempat juta (...)
1,500,000: satu setengah juta (...)
1,750,000: satu juta tujuh ratus limapuluh ribu (...)
1,000,000,000: satu milyar
1,000,000,000,000: satu trilyun
number _____ (train, bus, etc.): nomor _____ (...)
half: setengah (...)
quarter: seperempat (...)
three quarter: tiga perempat (...)
less: kurang (...)
more: lebih (...)

Time

now: sekarang (...)
later: nanti (...)
before: sebelum (...)
morning: pagi (0.00 ? 10.30) (...)
afternoon: siang (10.30 ? 15.00) (...)
evening: sore (15.00 ? 19.00) (...)
night: malam (19.00 ? 0.00) (...)

Clock time

one o'clock AM: jam satu pagi (...)
two o'clock AM: jam dua pagi (...)
noon: jam duabelas siang (...)
one o'clock PM: jam satu siang (...)
two o'clock PM: jam dua siang (...)
midnight: jam duabelas malam (...)

Duration

_____ minute(s): _____ menit (...)
_____ hour(s): _____ jam (...)
_____ day(s): _____ hari (...)
_____ week(s): _____ minggu (...)
_____ month(s): _____ bulan (BOO-lun)
_____ year(s): _____ tahun (...)

Days

today: hari ini (...)
yesterday: kemarin (kuh-MAR-reen)
tomorrow: besok (bay-SOAK)
this week: minggu ini (MEENG-goo EE-nee)
last week: minggu lalu (MEENG-goo LUL-loo)
next week: minggu depan (MEENG-goo duh-PUN)

Sunday: I: Minggu (MEENG-goo), M: Ahad
Monday: I: Senin (suh-NEEN), M: Isnin
Tuesday: Selasa (SLUH-suh)
Wednesday: Rabu (RUH-boo)
Thursday: Kamis (KUM-mees)
Friday: Jum?at (joom-UTT)
Saturday: Sabtu (SUB-too)

Months

January: Januari (...)
February: Februari (...)
March: Maret (MAR-ruht)
April: April (...)
May: Mei (...)
June: Juni (JOON-nee)
July: Juli (JOOL-lee)
August: Agustus (a-GOOS-tuhs)
September: September (...)
October: Oktober (...)
November: November (...)
December: Desember (day-SEM-burr)

Writing time and date

Writing time

1.00: pukul / jam satu
1.01: jam satu lewat / lebih satu
1.15: jam satu seperempat
1.20: jam satu lewat duapuluh / jam setengah dua kurang sepuluh
1.30: jam setengah dua
1.40: jam setengah dua lebih sebuluh / jam satu lewat empat puluh
1.45: jam dua kurang seperempat

The hours are written from zero to 23. So 06.00 PM is written as 18.00.

Date

First one should write the day, after that the month and then the year.

August 17th 1945: 17 Agustus 1945

Colors

black: hitam (HEE-tum)
white: putih (POO-teeh)
gray: abu-abu (UH-boo UH-boo)
red: merah (MER-ruh)
blue: biru (BEE-roo)
yellow: kuning (KOO-neeng)
green: hijau (HEE-jow)
orange: oranye (oh-RUN-nyuh)
purple: ungu (OONG-oo)
brown: coklat (CHOC-klutt), also the word for chocolate

Transportation

Bus and train

How much is a ticket to _____?: Berapa harga karcis ke _____? (...)
One ticket to _____, please.: Tolong, satu karcis ke _____. (...)
Where does this train/bus go?: Kereta/bus ini ke mana? (...)
Where is the train/bus to _____?: Di mana kereta/bus ke _____? (...)
Does this train/bus stop in _____?: Apa kereta/bus ini berhenti di _____? (...)
What time does the train/bus for _____ leave?: Jam berapa kereta/bus ke _____ berangkat? (...)
What time does this train/bus arrive in _____?: Jam berapa kereta/bus ini sampai di _____? (...)

Directions

How do I get to _____ ?: Bagaimana saya bisa ke _____ ? (...)
...the train station?: ...stasiun kereta api? (...)
...the bus station?: ...terminal bus? (...)
...the airport?: ...bandara? (...)
...downtown?: ...kota? (...)
...the _____ hotel?: ... hotel _____ ? (...)
...the American/Canadian/Australian/British embassy/consulate?: ... Kedutaan Besar/Konsulat Amerika / Australia / Inggris / Kanada? (...)
Where are there a lot of...: Di mana ada banyak... (...)
...hotels?: ...hotel? (...)
...restaurants?: ...rumah makan? (...)
...bars?: ...bar? (...)
...sites to see?: ...tempat-tempat bagus? (...)
Can you show me on the map?: Bisa anda tunjukkan di peta? (BEE-SUH un-duh TOON-jook-kunn dee PEY-TUH?)
street: jalan (...)
Turn left.: Belok kiri. (...)
Turn right.: Belok kanan. (...)
left: kiri (...)
right: kanan (...)
straight ahead: lurus (...)
towards the _____: menuju _____ (...)
past the _____: melewati _____ (...)
before the _____: sebelum _____ (...)
Watch for the _____.: Lihat _____. (...)
intersection: persilangan (...)
north: utara (...)
south: selatan (...)
east: timur (...)
west: barat (...)
north-east: timur laut (...)
nort-west: barat laut (...)
south-east: tenggara (tuhng-GAH-rah)
south-west: barat daya (...)

Taxi

Taxi!: Taksi! (TUKS-see)
Take me to _____, please.: Bisa pergi ke _____. (...)
How much does it cost to get to _____?: Berapa harganya ke _____? (...)
Take me there, please.: Tolong antar saya ke sana. (...)

Lodging

Do you have any rooms available?: Ada kamar kosong? (UH-duh kum-muhr COS-SONG?)
How much is a room for one person/two people?: Berapa harganya kamar untuk satu/dua orang? (...)
Does the room come with...: Apakah ini termasuk... (...)
...bedsheets?: ...seprei? (...)
...a bathroom?: ...kamar mandi? (...)
...a telephone?: ...telepon? (...)
...a TV?: ...TV? (tee-FEE)
May I see the room first?: Bisa lihat kamarnya dulu? (...)
Do you have anything quieter?: Ada yang lebih tenang? (...)
...bigger?: ...besar? (...)
...cleaner?: ...bersih? (...)
...cheaper?: ...murah? (...)
OK, I'll take it.: Baik saya mau. (BAYK, sah-yah MaH-oo)
I will stay for _____ night(s).: Saya tinggal _____ malam. (...)
Can you suggest another hotel?: Tahu hotel lainnya? (...)
Do you have a safe?: Anda punya deposit box? (...)
...lockers?: ...locker? (...)
Is breakfast/supper included?: Sudah termasuk sarapan/makan malam? (...)
What time is breakfast/supper?: Sarapannya/makan malamnya jam berapa? (...)
Please clean my room.: Tolong kamar saya dibersihkan. (...)
Can you wake me at _____? | Saya bisa dibangunkan pada pukul _____? (...)
I want to check out.: Saya mau check out. (...)

Money

Do you accept American/Australian/Canadian dollars?: Anda menerima dollar Amerika /Australia / Kanada? (...)
Do you accept British pounds?: Anda menerima poundsterling Inggris? (...)
Do you accept cr cards?: Anda menerima kartu kr? (...)
Can you change money for me?: Apa saya bisa tukar uang? (...)
Where can I get money changed?: Di mana saya bisa tukar uang? (...)
Can you change a traveler's check for me?: Anda bisa tukar traveler's check saya? (...)
Where can I get a traveler's check changed?: Di mana saya bisa tukar traveler's check? (...)
What is the exchange rate?: Apa kursnya? (...)
Where is an automatic teller machine (ATM)?: Di mana ada ATM? (dee MUN-nuh UH-duh AH-TEY-EM)

Eating

Edible adjectives

asin: Salty
asam: Sour
dingin: Cold
enak: Delicious
manis: Sweet
panas: Hot (temperature)
pedas: Hot (spicy)
tawar: Tasteless, bad

A table for one person/two people, please.: Tolong, satu meja untuk satu/dua orang. (...)
Can I look at the menu, please?: Bisa lihat menunya? (...)
Is there a house specialty?: Ada makanan istimewa? (...)
Is there a local specialty?: Ada makanan khas daerah ini? (...)
I'm a vegetarian.: Saya vegetarian. (...)
I don't eat pork.: Saya tidak makan babi. (...)
I don't eat beef.: Saya tidak makan sapi. (...)
Can you make it "lite", please? (less oil/butter/lard): Tolong bisa dibuat ringan? (...)
I want _____.: Saya mau pesan _____. (...)
I want a dish containing _____.: Saya mau makanan yang mengandung _____. (...)
chicken: ayam (...)
beef: sapi (...)
fish: ikan (...)
ham: ham (...)
sausage: sosis (...)
cheese: keju (...)
eggs: telur (...)
salad: salad (...)
(fresh) vegetables: sayuran (...)
(fresh) fruit: buah (...)
bread: roti (...)
toast: roti bakar (...)
noodles: mie (MEE)
rice: nasi (...)
May I have a glass of _____?: Saya bisa minta satu gelas _____? (...)
May I have a cup of _____?: Saya bisa minta satu cangkir_____? (...)
May I have a bottle of _____?: Saya bisa minta satu botol _____? (...)
coffee: kopi (...)
tea (drink): teh (...)
juice: jus (...)
(bubbly) water: air bersoda (...)
water: air (AH-yer)
beer: bir (...)
red/white wine: anggur merah/putih (...)
May I have some _____?: Saya bisa minta _____? (...)
salt: garam (...)
black pepper: merica (MREE-chah)
butter: mentega (muhn-TEY-gah)
Excuse me, waiter? (getting attention of server): Mas-Mas! (male) Mbak-mbak! (female) (...)
I'm finished.: Saya sudah selesai. (...)
It was delicious.: Tadi enak rasanya. (...)
Please clear the plates.: Tolong piringnya diambil. (...)
The check, please.: Saya mau membayar. (...)

Bars

Do you serve alcohol?: Anda juga menyajikan alkohol? (...)
A beer/two beers, please.: Tolong, satu/dua bir. (...)
A glass of red/white wine, please.: Tolong, satu gelas anggur merah/putih. (...)
A bottle, please.: Tolong, satu botol. (...)
_____ (hard liquor) and _____ (mixer), please.: _____ and _____, please. (...)
whisky: whisky (...)
vodka: vodka (...)
rum: rum (...)
water: air (...)
club soda: club soda (...)
tonic water: tonic water (...)
orange juice: jus jeruk (...)
Coke (soda): Coca cola (...)
Do you have any bar snacks?: Ada makanan kecil? (...)
One more, please.: Tolong, satu lagi. (...)
Another round, please.: Tolong, satu ronde lagi. (...)
When is closing time?: Pukul berapa tutup? (...)

Shopping

Do you have this in my size?: Ada yang ukuran saya? (...)
How much is this?: Berapa harganya? (...)
That's too expensive.: Lho kok mahal. (HLO KOH muh-HUHL)
Would you take _____?: Would you take _____? (...)
expensive: mahal (...)
cheap: murah (...)
I can't afford it.: Saya tidak bisa beli itu. (...)
I don't want it.: ?nggak mau (informal) / Saya tidak mau (formal) (...)
You're cheating me.: Saya ditipu ya? (...)
I'm not interested.: Saya tidak tertarik. (..)
OK, I'll take it.: OK, saya mau. (...)
Can I have a bag?: Ada tas? (...)
Do you ship (overseas)?: Bisa kirim (ke luar negeri)? (...)
I need...: Saya perlu... (...)
...toothpaste.: ...odol. (...)
...a toothbrush.: ...sikat gigi. (...)
...condoms.: ...kondom. (...)
...tampons.: ...softeks / pembalut. (...)
...soap.: ...sabun. (...)
...shampoo.: ...sampo. (...)
...pain reliever. (e.g., aspirin or ibuprofen): ...obat anti sakit (aspirin, parasetamol, ?) (Note: ibuprofen is not widely available). (...)
...cold medicine.: ...obat masuk angin. (...)
...stomach medicine.: ...obat sakit perut. (...)
...a razor.: ...cukuran kumis/jenggot. (...)
...an umbrella.: ...payung. (...)
...a postcard.: ...kartu pos. (...)
...postage stamps.: ...prangko. (...)
...batteries.: ...baterai. (...)
...writing paper.: ...kertas. (...)
...a pen.: ...balpen. (...)
...English-language books.: ...buku-buku Inggris. (...)
...English-language magazines.: ...majalah Inggris. (...)
...an English-language newspaper.: ...koran Inggris. (...)
...an English-Indonesian dictionary.: ...kamus Inggris-Indonesia. (...)

Driving

I want to rent a car.: Saya mau sewa mobil. (...)
Can I get insurance?: Saya bisa minta asuransi? (...)
stop (on a street sign): stop (...)
one way: Satu arah (...)
no parking: Dilarang Parkir (...)
gas (petrol) station: Pompa Bensin or SPBU (abbreviation for Stasiun Pompa Bensin Umum) (...)
petrol: premium (...)
diesel: diesel, solar (...)

Authority

I haven't done anything wrong.: Saya tidak bersalah. (...)
It was a misunderstanding.: Itu salah paham. (...)
Where are you taking me?: Saya dibawa ke mana ? (...)
Am I under arrest?: Apakah saya ditahan ? (...)
I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen.: Saya warganegara Amerika /Australia / Inggris / Kanada. (...)
I want to talk to the American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy/consulate.: Saya ingin bicara dengan Kedutaan Besar/Konsulat Amerika / Australia / Inggris / Kanada. (...)
I want to talk to a lawyer.: Saya mau bicara dengan pengacara/advokat. (...)
Can I just pay a fine here now?: Bisakah saya bayar denda di tempat saja? (...)

Learning more

Language courses (http://www.languagecourse.net/online-sprachkurs/out.php3?site=1062254482)
Learning Indonesian at Wikibooks (http://wikibooks.org/wiki/Indonesian)

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